Basic Information Concepts /Computers

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 Information can be defined as meaningfully interpreted data. If we give you a number 1-212-290-4700, it does not make any sense on its own. It is just a raw data. However if we say Tel: +1-212-290-4700, it starts making sense. It becomes a telephone number. So, from a system analyst's point of view, information is a sequence of symbols that can be construed to a useful message. An Information System is a system that gathers data and disseminates information with the sole purpose of providing information to its users. The main object of an information system is to provide information to its users. Information systems vary according to the type of users who use the system. • Data − The raw material of information. • Information − Data organized and presented by someone. • Knowledge − Information read, heard, or seen, and understood. • Wisdom − Distilled and integrated knowledge and understanding. Information processing refers to the manipulation of digitized information by computers and other digital electronic equipment, known collectively as information technology (IT). Information processing systems include business software, operating systems, computers, networks and mainframes. Whenever data needs to be transferred or operated upon in some way, this is referred to as information processing. A computer information processor processes information to produce understandable results. The processing may include the acquisition, recording, assembly, retrieval or dissemination of information. For example, in printing a text file, an information processor works to translate and format the digital information for printed form. The 21st century has seen an explosion of data and the amount of information processed very day has reached gigantic proportions. Information is processed by billions of devices, hundreds of satellites and millions of software applications. Trillions of bytes are processed every minute. Information processing is still in a growth phase; larger systems and more prolific ownership has created a steady increase in the amount of information processed globally. Information Processing is how individuals perceive, analyze, manipulate, use, and remember information.

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(a) Neglecting reduced-mass effects, what optical transition in the (\text{He}^{+}) spectrum would have the same wavelength as the first Lyman transition of hydrogen ((n=2) to (n=1))? (b) What is the second ionization energy of (\text{He})? © What is the radius of the first Bohr orbit for (\text{He}^{+})? Assume that the ionization energy ((\hat{v})) of deuterium is (R).

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Let's respond to each component of the query separately: (a) What optical transition in the (He+) spectrum, ignoring reduced-mass effects, would have the same wavelength as the first Lyman transition of hydrogen (n=2 to n=1)? The formula for the wavelength of a spectral line can be used to determine the wavelength of a transition in atoms that resemble hydrogen (like He+): 1 / λ = R_H * (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²) Where:     The transition's wavelength is •.     The Rydberg constant for hydrogen is R_H.     The major quantum numbers for the two energy levels are n1 for the beginning energy level and n2 for the final energy level. We have n1 = 2 and n2 = 1 for the first Lyman transition in hydrogen (n=2 to n=1). He+ (the helium ion) only has one electron at this time. As a result, it has a comparable electron configuration to hydrogen, and the equivalent transition can be determined using the same formula and the hydrogen Rydberg constant (R_H). 1 / _He+ = R_H * (1/n12-1/n22) = R_H * (1/22-
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Basic Information Concepts

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Basic Information Concepts Information can be defined as meaningfully interpreted data. If we give you a number 1-212-290-4700, it does not make any sense on its own. It is just a raw data. However if we say Tel: +1-212-290-4700, it starts making sense. It becomes a telephone number. So, from a system analyst's point of view, information is a sequence of symbols that can be construed to a useful message. An Information System is a system that gathers data and disseminates information with the sole purpose of providing information to its users. The main object of an information system is to provide information to its users. Information systems vary according to the type of users who use the system. • Data − The raw material of information. • Information − Data organized and presented by someone. • Knowledge − Information read, heard, or seen, and understood. • Wisdom − Distilled and integrated knowledge and understanding. Information processing refers to the manipulation of digitize
Read more