Basic Information Concepts
Basic Information Concepts Information can be defined as meaningfully
interpreted data. If we give you a number 1-212-290-4700, it does not make any
sense on its own. It is just a raw data. However if we say Tel: +1-212-290-4700,
it starts making sense. It becomes a telephone number. So, from a system
analyst's point of view, information is a sequence of symbols that can be
construed to a useful message. An Information System is a system that gathers
data and disseminates information with the sole purpose of providing information
to its users. The main object of an information system is to provide information
to its users. Information systems vary according to the type of users who use
the system. • Data − The raw material of information. • Information − Data
organized and presented by someone. • Knowledge − Information read, heard, or
seen, and understood. • Wisdom − Distilled and integrated knowledge and
understanding. Information processing refers to the manipulation of digitized
information by computers and other digital electronic equipment, known
collectively as information technology (IT). Information processing systems
include business software, operating systems, computers, networks and
mainframes. Whenever data needs to be transferred or operated upon in some way,
this is referred to as information processing. A computer information processor
processes information to produce understandable results. The processing may
include the acquisition, recording, assembly, retrieval or dissemination of
information. For example, in printing a text file, an information processor
works to translate and format the digital information for printed form. The 21st
century has seen an explosion of data and the amount of information processed
very day has reached gigantic proportions. Information is processed by billions
of devices, hundreds of satellites and millions of software applications.
Trillions of bytes are processed every minute. Information processing is still
in a growth phase; larger systems and more prolific ownership has created a
steady increase in the amount of information processed globally. Information
Processing is how individuals perceive, analyze, manipulate, use, and remember
information
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